In today’s world most of the communication is done using electronic media. Data Security plays a vital role in such communication. Hence, there is a need to protect data from malicious attacks. Cryptography is the science of secret codes, enabling the confidentiality of communication through an insecure channel. It protects against unauthorized parties by preventing unauthorized alteration of use. Generally speaking, it uses a cryptographic system to transform a plaintext into a cipher text, using most of the time a key. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael, is an encryption standard used for securing information. AES was published by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).
AES is a block cipher algorithm that has been analyzed extensively and is now used widely. AES is a symmetric block cipher that is intended to replace DES as the approved standard for a wide range of applications. The block cipher Rijnddael was designed by Dr. Joan Daemen and Dr. Vincent Rijmen and the name of the algorithm is a combination of the names of its two creators. Rijndael is very secure and has no known weakness. Rijndael is conventional (symmetric key) system and is relatively simple cipher in many respects. It takes an input block of a certain size, usually 128, and produces a corresponding output block of the same size. The transformation requires a second input, which is the secret key. It is important to know that the secret key.
In this work, both encryption and decryption will be carried out with the key length of 128 bits, that is, both AES encrypter and the AES decrypter were integrated. Hence the input block and secret key will be provided for encryption and the cipher block and same secret key will be provided to the decryption to get the proper block as output. All the transformations of both Encryption and Decryption will be developed using VHDL language and will be verified with the help of its simulation result.
The AES Encryption and Decryption is synthesized on FPGA family of Virtex-2 using Xilinx ISE tool and hence the design operates at a maximum clock frequency of 18.970 MHz with a minimum period of 52.716ns.
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